One of the most devastating wars in European history is coming to an end, shaping the continent for centuries to come. At the same time, a new state is rising on the Ottoman frontier, a great European power is in terminal decline, murder and intrigue are ravaging the palace, and a new dynasty is stepping up to rule the Empire.
Major Characters in this Episode
Emperor Ferdinand III
Emperor Leopold I
Vasile Lupu
Matei Basarab
Sultan Ibrahim I
George II Rákóczi
Abaza
Köprülü Mehmed Pasha
Constantin Șerban
Gheorghe Ștefan
Timeline for this episode
1645–1669 War with Venice (Cretan War)
1648, Peace of Westphalia:
1648, Khmelnytsky Uprising by Cossacks
1648, George Rákóczi dies and is succeeded as Prince of Transylvania by his son George II Rákóczi
1649, George II Rákóczi forms an alliance with a Cossack commander, Wallachia, and Moldavia against Poland, but they take no immediate action
1651, death of Ibrahim’s mother Kösem Sultan
1653, Battle of Finta, after which Vasile Lupu was exiled and imprisoned in Constantinople and replaced by Gheorghe Ștefan
1654, Matei Basarab dies and is succeeded by Constantin Șerban
1654, Pereyaslav Council has the newly independent Cossack state ally with Russia
1655, the beginning of the Second Northern War
1656, Çınar incident
1656, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha becomes grand vizier, beginning the Köprülü era
1656, the Treaty of Radnot divides up the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth
1657, George II Rákóczi invades Poland to aid Sweden
1657-1662, Transylvania attacks the Tatars
1657, Ferdinand III dies and is succeeded by his son Leopold I
1657, Sipahi rebellion
1658, Ottomans invade Transylvania
1658, Second Abaza revolt
1660, Ayazmakapi Fire
1661, Transylvania declared independence again, prompting an Ottoman-Tatar invasion
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